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October 1–31 is Breast Cancer Awareness Month. In this article, we explain in simple terms what to look out for, when to get checked, and which examinations may be appropriate for you.
Many of us notice something unusual in our breast and initially think, “It’s probably nothing.” This is a natural reaction. However, when it comes to breast cancer, time matters. When detected at an early stage, the chances of successful treatment are significantly higher. According to international statistics, when breast cancer is detected at a localized stage, the five-year survival rate is above 90%.
Let’s talk about this topic honestly and without unnecessary fear.
What is breast cancer?
Breast cancer develops when cells in the breast tissue begin to divide uncontrollably. It most often starts in the milk ducts or lobules. If left untreated, it can spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. That is why regular screening should be part of a healthy lifestyle.
“Most patients come to us after the lump has already grown. However, checking even a small change in time can significantly reduce the extent and duration of treatment.”
— Dr. Narmina Babayeva, Mammologist-Oncologist, Republican Diagnostic Center
What symptoms should you look out for?
Every woman should know what her breasts normally look and feel like. See a doctor if you notice any of the following:
A new lump or swelling in the breast or underarm
A change in the size or shape of the breast
Redness, thickening of the skin, dimpling, or an “orange peel” appearance
Nipple inversion
Bloody or unusual nipple discharge
Persistent pain that does not go away
Remember: most breast lumps are benign. However, only an examination can confirm this. The right approach is not to ignore your concern, but to get an answer.
Who should be more attentive?
Having a risk factor does not mean that you will develop breast cancer. It simply means that you may need to take screening more seriously:
Age: risk increases with age
Family history: breast or ovarian cancer in close relatives
Genetic changes (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2)
Hormonal factors: early menstruation, late menopause, hormone therapy
Lifestyle: excess weight, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking
What screening methods are available and when should you have them?
Self-examination. Once a month, at approximately the same time and a few days after your period, look at your breasts in the mirror and check them by hand. This does not replace a medical examination, but it can help you notice changes early.
Breast ultrasound. It can be particularly useful for younger women and women with dense breast tissue. It is painless and does not involve radiation.
Mammography. This is the main screening method and can detect small changes that cannot be felt by hand. Recommendations vary between organizations, but many recommend starting regular mammography between the ages of 40 and 50 and repeating it every 1–2 years. Women at higher risk may be advised by their doctor to start screening earlier.
Medical examination and additional tests. If necessary, your doctor may recommend an MRI, biopsy, or laboratory tests.
Not sure which examination is right for you?
Book a specialist consultation
How should you prepare for your examination?
For mammography, the week after your period is usually more comfortable, when the breasts are less tender
On the day of the examination, do not apply deodorant, powder, or cream to the breast or underarm area
Bring the results of any previous examinations, if available
If there is a history of cancer in your family, tell your doctor in advance
Frequently asked questions
Is mammography painful?
The examination takes only a few minutes. Some women may experience brief discomfort, but it usually passes quickly.
No one in my family has had cancer. Do I still need screening?
Yes. Most women diagnosed with breast cancer do not have a family history of the disease.
Can breast cancer occur at a young age?
Although the risk increases with age, breast cancer can also occur in younger women. Regardless of your age, if you notice any changes, consult a doctor.
Can men develop breast cancer?
Yes, although it is rare. Men who notice a lump in the breast area should also see a doctor.
If I find a lump, does that mean I have cancer?
Not necessarily. Most breast lumps are benign, but only an examination can provide a definite answer.
Take a step for your health this month
October is a good opportunity to remind yourself to make time for your health. One examination can save you months of worry.
At the Republican Diagnostic Center, you can undergo breast examinations with experienced specialists and modern equipment. Follow the link to our October special offers and take advantage of the available opportunities.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical consultation. If you experience any concerning symptoms, please consult a specialist.
